The case for statins: has it really been made?

Has the Second Law of Thermodynamics Really Been Violated?

Some works have appeared in recent accredited literature considering the possibility of macroscopic violations of the second law in simulated as well as really executed experiments. We argue the inexistence of such violations in experiments based on the so-called nonbias diode, demonstrating that the interpretation of the authors is flawed by a confusion between the concepts of thermal equilibr...

Tuberculosis in Pediatric Patients: How Has the Diagnosis Been Made?

OBJECTIVE To describe clinical, radiological, epidemiological, and microbiological characteristics of pediatric patients with diagnosis of tuberculosis in a period of 15 years. METHODS Retrospective study including children and adolescents younger than 18 years diagnosed with tuberculosis in the Clinical Hospital of the Universidade Estadual de Campinas in São Paulo State, Brazil. Active tube...

An Integrated Approach to Urban Housing Development: Has a Case Been Made?

Chlorthalidone: has it always been the best thiazide-type diuretic?

Modern diuretic therapy evolved from 2 seemingly unrelated events in the 1930s: the development of sulfanilamide, the first truly effective antibacterial agent, and the description of the enzyme carbonic anhydrase. Sulfanilamide was observed to increase sodium (Na )/potassium and water excretion by inhibition of carbonic anhydrase activity. Recognition of this action proved the impetus for synt...

Statins: is it really time to reassess benefits and risks?

search need. Evaluating the HBV viral load in HIV-infected pregnant women should be an essential step of prenatal evaluation, so that the mother’s health can be managed appropriately. Continued improvements in the coverage and timeliness of HBV vaccination and the education of clinicians about its importance should be priorities everywhere. Making such improvements will require substantial advo...